Some basic intellectual principles govern logical thinking, including induction, the principle of deduction, and the principle of analogy. These three principles are used to know something unknown.

Logic goes hand in hand with philosophy until it separated from it as an independent science, discussing specific topics and individuals practice primarily in their daily lives.

The types of philosophical thinking are Western thinking, which began with the Greeks, and Eastern thinking, which was popular in North Africa and Arab philosophers such as Ibn Rushd.